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Offset path in Affinity Designer for iPad – Padcrafting – What Is Path Offsetting?
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Timesaving tools such as Select Same and Select Object allow you to efficiently match attributes or select all objects of a certain type for easy editing, while studio presets for the UI layout allow you to save your favourite workspace setups for different tasks and easily switch between them. Whether on Windows, Mac or iPad, the file format is exactly the same. Affinity Designer is full of tools meticulously developed for achieving high productivity, while maintaining percent accurate geometry.
Effortlessly add a contour to any object or increase the width of single open curves. The options you have for setting up grids and guides is almost unlimited. This is what we mean by power. From the beginning we developed our engine to work to floating point accuracy. What does this mean? Layout all your screens, pages, menus and other items in a single project across any number of artboards. Export artboards, or any individual elements in your designs, with a single click.
Symbols allow you to include unlimited instances of the same base object across your project. Edit one, and the rest update instantly. Pixel perfect designs are assured by viewing your work in pixel preview mode. This allows you to view vectors in both standard and retina resolution, giving you a completely live view of how every element of your design will export.
Whether working with artistic text for headlines, or frames of text for body copy, you can add advanced styling and ligatures with full control over leading, kerning, tracking and more. At any time convert your text to curves to take full control and produce your own exquisite, custom typography to add serious impact.
The presence of this table allows OSPM to provide Embedded Controller operation region space access before the namespace has been evaluated. If this table is not provided, the Embedded Controller region space will not be available until the Embedded Controller device in the AML namespace has been discovered and enumerated. Contains the processor-relative address, represented in Generic Address Structure format, of the Embedded Controller Data register.
Quotes are omitted in the data field. See Section 6. Length, in bytes, of the entire SRAT. The length implies the number of Entry fields at the end of the table.
A list of static resource allocation structures for the platform. This allows system firmware to populate the SRAT with a static number of structures but only enable them as necessary.
The Memory Affinity structure provides the following topology information statically to the operating system:. Flags – Memory Affinity Structure. Indicates whether the region of memory is enabled and can be hot plugged.
See the corresponding table below for more details. This allows system firmware to populate the SRAT with a static number of structures but only enable then as necessary. If the Enabled bit is set and the Hot Pluggable bit is also set. The system hardware supports hot-add and hot-remove of this memory region If the Enabled bit is set and the Hot Pluggable bit is clear, the system hardware does not support hot-add or hot-remove of this memory region.
See the corresponding table below for a description of this field. This enables the OSPM to discover the memory that is closest to the ITS, and use that in allocating its management tables and command queue.
The Generic Initiator Affinity Structure provides the association between a generic initiator and the proximity domain to which the initiator belongs.
Device Handle of the Generic Initiator. Flags – Generic Initiator Affinity Structure. If set, indicates that the Generic Initiator can initiate all transactions at the same architectural level as the host e. If a generic device with coherent memory is attached to the system, it is recommended to define affinity structures for both the device and memory associated with the device. They both may have the same proximity domain. Supporting a subset of architectural transactions would be only permissible if the lack of the feature does not have material consequences to the memory model.
One example is lack of cache coherency support on the GI, if the GI does not have any local caches to global memory that require invalidation through the data fabric. OS is assured that the GI adheres to the memory model as the host processor architecture related to observable transactions to memory for memory fences and other synchronization operations issued on either initiator or host.
This optional table provides a matrix that describes the relative distance memory latency between all System Localities, which are also referred to as Proximity Domains. The entry value is a one-byte unsigned integer. Except for the relative distance from a System Locality to itself, each relative distance is stored twice in the matrix. This provides the capability to describe the scenario where the relative distances for the two directions between System Localities is different.
The diagonal elements of the matrix, the relative distances from a System Locality to itself are normalized to a value of The relative distances for the non-diagonal elements are scaled to be relative to For example, if the relative distance from System Locality i to System Locality j is 2. If one locality is unreachable from another, a value of 0xFF is stored in that table entry.
Distance values of are reserved and have no meaning. Platforms may contain the ability to detect and correct certain operational errors while maintaining platform function. These errors may be logged by the platform for the purpose of retrieval. Depending on the underlying hardware support, the means for retrieving corrected platform error information varies.
Alternatively, OSPM may poll processors for corrected platform error information. Error log information retrieved from a processor may contain information for all processors within an error reporting group. As such, it may not be necessary for OSPM to poll all processors in the system to retrieve complete error information. Length, in bytes, of the entire CPET. See corresponding table below.
See corresponding table below for details of the Corrected Platform Error Polling Processor structure. If the system maximum topology is not known up front at boot time, then this table is not present. Indicates the maximum number of Proximity Domains ever possible in the system. The number reported in this field is maximum domains – 1. For example if there are 0x possible domains in the system, this field would report 0xFFFF.
Indicates the maximum number of Clock Domains ever possible in the system. Indicates the maximum Physical Address ever possible in the system. Note: this is the top of the reachable physical address. A list of Proximity Domain Information for this implementation.
It is likely that these characteristics may be the same for many proximity domains, but they can vary from one proximity domain to another. This structure optimizes to cover the former case, while allowing the flexibility for the latter as well. These structures must be organized in ascending order of the proximity domain enumerations. The starting proximity domain for the proximity domain range that this structure is providing information.
The ending proximity domain for the proximity domain range that this structure is providing information. A value of 0 means that the proximity domains do not contain processors. A value of 0 means that the proximity domains do not contain memory. Length in bytes for entire RASF. The Platform populates this field. The Bit Map is described in Section 5. These parameter blocks are used as communication mailbox between the OSPM and the platform, and there is 1 parameter block for each RAS feature.
NOTE: There can be only on parameter block per type. Indicates that the platform supports hardware based patrol scrub of DRAM memory and platform exposes this capability to software using this RASF mechanism. The following table describes the Parameter Blocks. The structure is used to pass parameters for controlling the corresponding RAS Feature. The platform calculates the nearest patrol scrub boundary address from where it can start. This range should be a superset of the Requested Address Range.
The following sequence documents the steps for OSPM to identify whether the platform supports hardware based patrol scrub and invoke commands to request hardware to patrol scrub the specified address range. Identify whether the platform supports hardware based patrol scrub and exposes the support to software by reading the RAS capabilities bitmap in the RASF table.
This table defines the memory power node topology of the configuration, as described earlier in Section 1. The configuration includes specifying memory power nodes and their associated information. Each memory power node is specified using address ranges, supported memory power states. The memory power states will include both hardware controlled and software controlled memory power states. There can be multiple entries for a given memory power node to support non contiguous address ranges.
MPST table also defines the communication mechanism between OSPM and platform runtime firmware for triggering software controlled memory powerstate transitions implemented in platform runtime firmware. Length in bytes for entire MPST. This field provides information on the memory power nodes present in the system. Further details of this field are specified in Memory Power Node. This field provides information of memory power states supported in the system.
The information includes power consumed, transition latencies, relevant flags. See the table below. All other command values are reserved. The PCC signature. The signature of a subspace is computed by a bitwise-or of the value 0x with the subspace ID. For example, subspace 3 has signature 0x PCC command field: see Section PCC status field: see Section Power State values will be based on the platform capability.
A value of all 1s in this field indicates that platform does not implement this field. OSPM should use the ratio of computed memory power consumed to expected average power consumed in determining the memory power management action. Memory Power State represents the state of a memory power node which maps to a memory address range while the platform is in the G0 working state.
It should be noted that active memory power state MPS0 does not preclude memory power management in that state. It only indicates that any active state memory power management in MPS0 is transparent to the OSPM and more importantly does not require assist from OSPM in terms of restricting memory occupancy and activity.
In all three cases, these states require explicit OSPM action to isolate and free the memory address range for the corresponding memory power node.
Power state transition diagram is shown in Fig. If platform is capable of returning to a memory power state on subsequent period of idle, the platform must treat the previously requested memory power state as a persistent hint. This state value maps to active state of memory node Normal operation.
OSPM can access memory during this state. This state value can be mapped to any memory power state depending on the platform capability. By convention, it is required that low value power state will have lower power savings and lower latencies than the higher valued power states. SetMemoryPowerState : The following sequence needs to be done to set a memory power state. GetMemoryPowerState : The following sequence needs to be done to get the current memory power state.
Memory Power Node is a representation of a logical memory region that needs to be transitioned in and out of a memory power state as a unit. This logical memory region is made up of one more system memory address range s. Note that memory power node structure defined in Table 5. This address range should be 4K aligned. If a Memory Power Node contains more than one memory address range i.
Memory Power Nodes are not hierarchical. OSPM is expected to identify the memory power node s that corresponds to the maximum memory address range that OSPM is able to power manage at a given time. The following structure specifies the fields used for communicating memory power node information.
Each entry in the MPST table will be having corresponding memory power node structure defined. This structure communicates address range, number of power states implemented, information about individual power states, number of distinct physical components that comprise this memory power node. The physical component identifiers can be cross-referenced against the memory topology table entries.
The flag describes type of memory node. See the Table 5. This field provides memory power node number. Length in bytes for Memory Power Node Structure. Low 32 bits of Length of the memory range. This field indicates number of power states supported for this memory power node and in turn determines the number of entries in memory power state structure.
This field indicates the number of distinct Physical Components that constitute this memory power node. This field is also used to identify the number of entries of Physical Component Identifier entries present at end of this table. This field provides information of various power states supported in the system for a given memory power node.
This allows system firmware to populate the MPST with a static number of structures but enable them as necessary. This flag indicates that the memory node supports the hot plug feature.
See Interaction with Memory Hot Plug. This field provides value of power state. The specific value to be used is system dependent.
However convention needs to be maintained where higher numbers indicates deeper power states with higher power savings and higher latencies.
For example, a power state value of 2 will have higher power savings and higher latencies than a power state value of 1. This field provides unique index into the memory power state characteristics entries which will provide details about the power consumed, power state characteristics and transition latencies. The indexing mechanism is to avoid duplication and hence reduce potential for mismatch errors of memory power state characteristics entries across multiple memory nodes.
The table below describes the power consumed, exit latency and the characteristics of the memory power state. This table is referenced by a memory power node. The flag describes the caveats associated with entering the specified power state. Refer to Table 5. This field provides average power consumed for this memory power node in MPS0 state. This power is measured in milliWatts and signifies the total power consumed by this memory the given power state as measured in DC watts.
Note that this value should be used as guideline only for estimating power savings and not as actual power consumed. The actual power consumed is dependent on DIMM type, configuration and memory load. The unit of this field is nanoseconds. If Bit [0] is set, it indicates memory contents will be preserved in the specified power state If Bit [0] is clear, it indicates memory contents will be lost in the specified power state e.
If Bit [1] is set, this field indicates that given memory power state entry transition needs to be triggered explicitly by OSPM by calling the Set Power State command. If Bit [1] is clear, this field indicates that given memory power state entry transition is automatically implemented in hardware and does not require a OSPM trigger.
The role of OSPM in this case is to ensure that the corresponding memory region is idled from a software standpoint to facilitate entry to the state. Not meaningful for MPS0 – write it for this table. If Bit [1] is set, this field indicates that given memory power state exit needs to be explicitly triggered by the OSPM before the memory can be accessed.
System behavior is undefined if OSPM or other software agents attempt to access memory that is currently in a low power state. If Bit [1] is clear, this field indicates that given memory power state is exited automatically on access to the memory address range corresponding to the memory power node.
Exit Latency provided in the Memory Power Characteristics structure for a specific power state is inclusive of the entry latency for that state. Not all memory power management states require OSPM to actively transition a memory power node in and out of the memory power state. Platforms may implement memory power states that are fully handled in hardware in terms of entry and exit transition. In such fully autonomous states, the decision to enter the state is made by hardware based on the utilization of the corresponding memory region and the decision to exit the memory power state is initiated in response to a memory access targeted to the corresponding memory region.
The role of OSPM software in handling such autonomous memory power states is to vacate the use of such memory regions when possible in order to allow hardware to effectively save power.
No other OSPM initiated action is required for supporting these autonomously power managed regions. However, it is not an error for OSPM explicitly initiates a state transition to an autonomous entry memory power state through the MPST command interface. The platform may accept the command and enter the state immediately in which case it must return command completion with SUCCESS b status.
Platform firmware may have regions of memory reserved for its own use that are unavailable to OSPM for allocation. Memory nodes where all or a portion of the memory is reserved by platform firmware may pose a problem for OSPM because it does not know whether the platform firmware reserved memory is in use. If the platform firmware reserved memory impacts the ability of the memory power node to enter memory power state s , the platform must indicate to OSPM by clearing the Power Managed Flag – see Table 5.
This allows OSPM to ignore such ranges from its memory power optimization. The memory power state table describes address range for each of the memory power nodes specified. An example of policy which can be implemented in OSPM for memory coalescing is: OSPM can prefer allocating memory from local memory power nodes before going to remote memory power nodes. The later sections provide sample NUMA configurations and explain the policy for various memory power nodes.
The hot pluggable memory regions are described using memory device objects see Section 9. The memory power state table MPST is a static structure created for all memory objects independent of hot plug status online or offline during initialization.
The association between memory device object e. It is recommended that the OSes if possible allocate this memory from memory ranges corresponding to memory power nodes that indicate they are not power manageable. This allows OS to optimize the power manageable memory power nodes for optimal power savings. OSes can assume that memory ranges that belong to memory power nodes that are power manageable as indicated by the flag are interleaved in a manner that does no impact the ability of that range to enter power managed states.
For example, such memory is not cacheline interleaved. Reference to memory in this document always refers to host physical memory. For virtualized environments, this requires hypervisors to be responsible for memory power management. Hypervisors also have the ability to create opportunities for memory power management by vacating appropriate host physical memory through remapping guest physical memory. This table describes the memory topology of the system to OSPM, where the memory topology can be logical or physical.
The topology is provided as a hierarchy of memory devices where the top level memory devices e. DIMMs associated with a parent memory device. The number of top level Memory Device structures that immediately follow. A zero in this field indicates no Memory Device structures follow. A list of memory device structures for the platform. Length in bytes for this structure. The length includes the Type Specific Data, but not memory devices associated with this device.
The number of Memory Devices associated with this device. Type specific data. Interpretation of this data is specific to the type of the memory device. It is not expected that OSPM will utilize this field. The Boot Graphics Resource Table BGRT is an optional table that provides a mechanism to indicate that an image was drawn on the screen during boot, and some information about the image.
The table is written when the image is drawn on the screen. This should be done after it is expected that any firmware components that may write to the screen are done doing so and it is known that the image is the only thing on the screen. If the boot path is interrupted e. A 4-byte bit unsigned long describing the display X-offset of the boot image. X, Y display offset of the top left corner of the boot image. The top left corner of the display is at offset 0, 0.
A 4-byte bit unsigned long describing the display Y-offset of the boot image. The version field identifies which revision of the BGRT table is implemented. The version field should be set to 1. The Image type field contains information about the format of the image being returned.
If the value is 0, the Image Type is Bitmap. The Image Address contains the location in memory where an in-memory copy of the boot image can be found. The image should be stored in EfiBootServicesData, allowing the system to reclaim the memory when the image is no longer needed.
The Image Offset contains 2 consecutive 4 byte unsigned longs describing the X, Y display offset of the top left corner of the boot image. This section describes the format of the Firmware Performance Data Table FPDT , which provides sufficient information to describe the platform initialization performance records. This information represents the boot performance data relating to specific tasks within the firmware boot process.
The FPDT includes only those mileposts that are part of every platform boot process:. End of reset sequence Timer value noted at beginning of platform boot firmware initialization – typically at reset vector.
All timer values are express in 1 nanosecond increments. For example, if a record indicates an event occurred at a timer value of , this means that For the Firmware Performance Data Table conforming to this revision of the specification, the revision is 1. A performance record is comprised of a sub-header including a record type and length, and a set of data. The format of the data is specific to the record type.
In this manner, records are only as large as needed to contain the specific type of data to be conveyed. Note that unless otherwise specified, multiple records are permitted for a given type, because some events may occur multiple times during the boot process.
This value is updated if the format of the record type is extended. Any changes to a performance record layout must be backwards-compatible in that all previously defined fields must be maintained if still applicable, but newly defined fields allow the length of the performance record to be increased.
Previously defined record fields must not be redefined, but are permitted to be deprecated. The table below describes the various Runtime Performance records and their corresponding Record Types. Performance record showing basic performance metrics for critical phases of the firmware boot process.
The record pointer is a required entry in the FPDT for any system, and the pointer must point to a valid static physical address. Only one of these records will be produced. The record pointer is a required entry in the FPDT for any system supporting the S3 state, and the pointer must point to a valid static physical address.
It includes a header, defined in Table 5. All event entries will be overwritten during the platform runtime firmware S4 resume sequence. Other entries are optional. This includes the header and allocated size of the subsequent records. The Firmware Basic Boot Performance Data Record contains timer information associated with final OS loader activity, as well as data associated with boot time starting and ending information.
Timer value logged at the beginning of firmware image execution. This may not always be zero or near zero. Timer value logged just prior to loading the OS boot loader into memory. For non-UEFI compatible boots, this field must be zero. Timer value logged just prior to launching the currently loaded OS boot loader image.
All event entries must be initialized to zero during the initial boot sequence, and overwritten during the platform runtime firmware S3 resume sequence. Length of the S3 Performance Table. This size would at minimum include the size of the header and the Basic S3 Resume Performance Record. Timer recorded at the end of platform runtime firmware S3 resume, just prior to handoff to the OS waking vector.
Average timer value of all resume cycles logged since the last full boot sequence, including the most recent resume. Note that the entire log of timer values does not need to be retained in order to calculate this average. The bit physical address at which the Counter Control block is located.
This value is optional if the system implements EL3 Security Extensions. This value is optional, as an operating system executing in the non-secure world EL2 or EL1 , will ignore the content of these fields.
Flags for the secure EL1 timer defined below. This value is optional, as an operating system executing in the non-secure world EL2 or EL1 will ignore the content of this field. The bit physical address at which the Counter Read block is located. This field is mandatory for systems implementing ARMv8.
For systems not implementing ARMv8. Flags for the virtual EL2 timer defined below. Array of Platform Timer Type structures describing memory-mapped Timers available on this platform. These structures are described in the sections below. These timers are in addition to the per-processor timers described above them in the GTDT. The first byte of each structure declares the type of that structure and the second and third bytes declare the length of that structure.
The GT Block is a standard timer block that is mapped into the system address space. Flags for the GTx physical timer. Flags for the GTx virtual timer, if implemented. Interleave Structure s see Section 5. Flush Hint Address Structure s see Section 5. Platform Capabilities Structure see Section 5. The following figure illustrates the above structures and how they are associated with each other.
This allows OSPM to ignore unrecognized types. Platform is allowed to implement this structure just to describe system physical address ranges that describe Virtual CD and Virtual Disk. Value of 0 is Reserved and shall not be used as an index. Integer that represents the proximity domain to which the memory belongs.
This number must match with corresponding entry in the SRAT table. Opaque cookie value set by platform firmware for OSPM use, to detect changes that may impact the readability of the data. Refer to the UEFI specification for details. Handle i. There could be multiple regions within the device corresponding to different address types. Also, for a given address type, there could be multiple regions due to interleave discontinuity. Typically, only block region requires the interleave structure since software has to undo the effect of interleave.
This structure describes the memory interleave for a given address range. Since interleave is a repeating pattern, this structure only describes the lines involved in the memory interleave before the pattern start to repeat.
Index must be non-zero. Line SPA is naturally aligned to the Line size. Length in bytes for entire structure. The length of this structure is either 32 bytes or 80 bytes. The length of the structure can be 32 bytes only if the Number of Block Control Windows field has a value of 0. Byte 1 of this field is reserved. Identifier for the NVDIMM non-volatile memory subsystem controller, assigned by the non-volatile memory subsystem controller vendor.
Revision of the NVDIMM non-volatile memory subsystem controller, assigned by the non-volatile memory subsystem controller vendor. SPD byte Validity of this field is indicated in Valid Fields Bit [0].
Fields that follow this field are valid only if the number of Block Control Windows is non-zero. In Bytes. Logical offset. Refer to Note. Logical offset in bytes. Refer to Note1. Bit [0] set to 1 to indicate that the Block Data Windows implementation is buffered. The content of the data window is only valid when so indicated by Status Register.
The logical offset is with respect to the device, not with respect to system physical address space. Software should construct the device address space accounting for interleave before applying the block control start offset. Logical offset in bytes see note below. The address of the next block is obtained by adding the value of this field to Size of Block Data Window. The logical offset is with respect to the device not with respect to system physical address space. Software should construct the device address space accounting for interleave before applying the Block Data Window start offset.
Software needs an assurance of durability i. Note that the platform buffers do not include processor cache s! Processors typically include ISA to flush data out of processor caches. Software is allowed to write up to a cache line of data. The content of the data is not relevant to the functioning of the flush hint mechanism.
The bit index of the highest valid capability implemented by the platform. The subsequent bits shall not be considered to determine the capabilities supported by the platform. This format matches the order of SPD bytes to from low to high i. The table is applicable to systems where a secure OS partition and a non-secure OS partition co-exist. A secure device is a device that is protected by the secure OS, preventing accesses from non-secure OS.
The table provides a hint as to which devices should be protected by the secure OS. The enforcement of the table is provided by the secure OS and any pre-boot environment preceding it. The table itself does not provide any security guarantees. It is the responsibility of the system manufacturer to ensure that the operating system is configured to enable security features that make use of the SDEV table.
Device is listed in SDEV. This provides a hint that the device should be always protected within the secure OS. For example, the secure OS may require that a device used for user authentication must be protected to guard against tampering by malicious software.
This provides a hint that the device should be initially protected by the secure OS, but it is up to the discretion of the secure OS to allow the device to be handed off to the non-secure OS when requested. Any OS component that expected the device to be operating in secure mode would not correctly function after the handoff has been completed.
For example, a device may be used for variety of purposes, including user authentication. If the secure OS determines that the necessary components for driving the device are missing, it may release control of the device to the non-secure OS.
In this case, the device cannot be used for secure authentication, but other operations can correctly function. Device not listed in SDEV. For example, the status quo is that no hints are provided. Any OS component that expected the device to be in secure mode would not correctly function. Reserved for future use. For forward compatibility, software skips structures it does not comprehend by skipping the appropriate number of bytes indicated by the Length field.
All new device structures must include the Type, Flags, and Length fields as the first 3 fields respectively. Length of the list of Secure Access Components data. Identification Based Secure Access Component. A minimum of one is required for a secure device. When there are multiple Identification Components present, priority is determined by list order.
Memory Based Secure Access Component. For forward compatibility, software skips structures that it does not comprehend by skipping the appropriate number of bytes indicated by the Length field. All new device structures must include the Type, Flags, and Length fields as the first 3 fields, respectively. Even numbered offsets contain the Device numbers, and odd numbered offsets contain the Function numbers. Each subsequent pair resides on the bus directly behind the bus of the device identified by the previous pair.
The software is expected to use this information as a hint for optimization, or when the system has heterogeneous memory.
Transforming objects
Fref Mudditt Posted October 26, Creating offset paths in Affinity Designer is quick and it’s easy. We’re working to answer users as quickly as possible and thank you for your continued patience. Bitmapped objects are more complicated. Thank you!