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Container Linux formerly CoreOS Linux is a discontinued open-source lightweight operating system based on the Linux kernel and designed for providing infrastructure to clustered deployments, while focusing on automation, ease of application deployment, security, reliability and scalability. As an operating system, Container Linux provided only the minimal functionality required for deploying applications inside software containers , together with built-in mechanisms for service discovery and configuration sharing.

Container Linux adds new functionality and customization to this shared foundation to support server hardware and use cases. Container Linux provides no package manager as a way for distributing payload applications, requiring instead all applications to run inside their containers.

Serving as a single control host, a Container Linux instance uses the underlying operating-system-level virtualization features of the Linux kernel to create and configure multiple containers that perform as isolated Linux systems. That way, resource partitioning between containers is performed through multiple isolated userspace instances, instead of using a hypervisor and providing full-fledged virtual machines. Initially, Container Linux exclusively used Docker as a component providing an additional layer of abstraction and interface [25] to the operating-system-level virtualization features of the Linux kernel, as well as providing a standardized format for containers that allows applications to run in different environments.

Container Linux uses ebuild scripts from Gentoo Linux for automated compilation of its system components, [15] [16] and uses systemd as its primary init system with tight integration between systemd and various Container Linux’s internal mechanisms. Container Linux achieves additional security and reliability of its operating system updates by employing FastPatch as a dual-partition scheme for the read-only part of its installation, meaning that the updates are performed as a whole and installed onto a passive secondary boot partition that becomes active upon a reboot or kexec.

This approach avoids possible issues arising from updating only certain parts of the operating system, ensures easy rollbacks to a known-to-be-stable version of the operating system, and allows each boot partition to be signed for additional security.

To ensure that only a certain part of the cluster reboots at once when the operating system updates are applied, preserving that way the resources required for running deployed applications, CoreOS provides locksmith as a reboot manager for Container Linux.

Internally, locksmith operates as the locksmithd daemon that runs on cluster members, while the locksmithctl command-line utility manages configuration parameters. The updates distribution system employed by Container Linux is based on Google ‘s open-source Omaha project, which provides a mechanism for rolling out updates and the underlying request—response protocol based on XML. Operations available through CoreUpdate include assigning cluster members to different groups that share customized update policies, reviewing cluster-wide breakdowns of Container Linux versions, stopping and restarting updates, and reviewing recorded update logs.

Container Linux provides etcd, a daemon that runs across all computers in a cluster and provides a dynamic configuration registry, allowing various configuration data to be easily and reliably shared between the cluster members. Container Linux also provides the fleet cluster manager which controls Container Linux’s separate systemd instances at the cluster level.

As of “fleet” is no longer actively developed and is deprecated in favor of Kubernetes. Using fleetd allows the deployment of single or multiple containers cluster-wide, with more advanced options including redundancy , failover , deployment to specific cluster members, dependencies between containers, and grouped deployment of containers. A command-line utility called fleetctl is used to configure and monitor this distributed init system; [55] internally, it communicates with the fleetd daemon using a JSON-based API on top of HTTP, which may also be used directly.

When used locally on a cluster member, fleetctl communicates with the local fleetd instance over a Unix domain socket ; when used from an external host, SSH tunneling is used with authentication provided through public SSH keys.

All of the above-mentioned daemons and command-line utilities etcd , etcdctl , fleetd and fleetctl are written in the Go language and distributed under the terms of the Apache License 2.

Container Linux can also be deployed through its commercial distribution called Tectonic , which additionally integrates Google’s Kubernetes as a cluster management utility. As of April [update] , Tectonic is planned to be offered as beta software to select customers. As of February [update] , Container Linux supports only the x architecture. Following its acquisition of CoreOS, Inc. For those who are putting together large, distributed systems—web applications being a prime example—CoreOS would appear to have a lot of interesting functionality.

It should allow applications of that type to grow and shrink as needed with demand, as well as provide a stable platform where upgrades are not a constant headache. For “massive server deployments”, CoreOS, or something with many of the same characteristics, looks like the future.

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Retrieved June 22, Data Centre. The Register. Retrieved January 19, Retrieved June 24, June 22, Archived from the original on August 13, Retrieved January 29, Archived from the original on February 14, Retrieved February 27, Archived from the original on February 24, Retrieved May 7, June 6, Archived from the original on June 22, Retrieved April 17, February 1, January 19, Retrieved October 11, September 23, Archived from the original on May 6, June 24, Retrieved July 4, Retrieved April 16, Retrieved April 3, February 18, April 14, October 29, February 6, Retrieved September 5, Retrieved May 26, Retrieved October 22, Vaughan-Nichols April 6, Retrieved April 29, November Retrieved June 6, Wikimedia Commons has media related to CoreOS.

Virtualization software. Comparison of platform virtualization software. Docker lmctfy rkt. Rump kernel User-mode Linux vkernel.